A coalition of more than 80 countries, including the US, the EU, and small island nations, is pushing for an agreement at COP28 that includes the "phased-out use" of fossil fuels, which scientists blame for global warming. OPEC, a major oil producer, and its allies are facing strong opposition.

On December 6, OPEC issued a letter to its members and supporters urging them to oppose any language targeting fossil fuels in the COP28 agreement. The latest version of the main negotiation text shows that countries are still considering a range of options, from agreeing on the "phased-out use" of fossil fuels in line with the best available science, to reducing fossil fuels without phasing them out, or not mentioning them at all.